About Fall of the Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall, which divided East and West Berlin for 28 years, fell on the night of 9 November 1989 in circumstances that combined bureaucratic confusion, political miscommunication and popular momentum into one of history's most dramatic moments. The Wall had been built on 13 August 1961 by the East German government to stop the flood of East Germans fleeing to the West — approximately 3.5 million people had left between 1949 and 1961, a devastating brain drain that threatened the East German state.
By the autumn of 1989, the political situation had become unstable. Mass protests in Leipzig and other cities were drawing hundreds of thousands of people. Then, on the evening of 9 November, East German spokesman Günter Schabowski announced that East Germans would be permitted to cross the border immediately. The announcement was a mistake — he had not attended the relevant meeting. When broadcast live across Germany, crowds gathered at checkpoints demanding to cross. Border guards, overwhelmed and receiving no clear orders, eventually stood aside.
Euphoric crowds streamed through in both directions. Berliners climbed onto the Wall and began demolishing it with hammers — an action that gave rise to the iconic term Mauerspecht (wall woodpecker). The scenes were watched live by hundreds of millions of people worldwide. By midnight, the Wall that had defined the Cold War division of Europe — and had cost at least 140 people their lives attempting to cross — had effectively ceased to exist.
The fall of the Berlin Wall triggered a cascade of events that ended the Cold War. Within weeks, communist governments across Eastern Europe fell. Germany was formally reunified on 3 October 1990. The Soviet Union dissolved on 25 December 1991. The Wall had stood for 10,315 days. It took less than one night to bring it down.
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Fall of the Berlin Wall was on a Thursday, 9 November 1989.